ABSTRACT
A meningite bacteriana é uma inflamação das leptomeninges que envolvem o Sistema Nervoso Central. Essa patologia, que possui diversos agentes etiológicos, apresenta-se na forma de síndrome, com quadro clínico grave. Entre as principais bactérias que causam a meningite, estão a Neisseria meningitis e Streptococcus pneumoniae. A transmissão ocorre através das vias aéreas por meio de gotículas, sendo a corrente sanguínea a principal rota para as bactérias chegarem à barreira hematoencefálica e, a partir dessa, até as meninges. Atualmente existem vários métodos de diagnóstico precisos, onde a cultura de líquido cefalorraquidiano (LCR) é o método padrão ouro. Ademais, a melhora na qualidade do tratamento com beta-lactâmicos e a maior possibilidade de prevenção, devido à elevação do número e da eficácia de vacinas, vem contribuindo para redução dos casos da doença e de sua gravidade. Porém, apesar desses avanços, ainda há um elevado número de mortalidades e sequelas causadas por essa síndrome.
Bacterial meningitis is an inflammation of the leptomeninges that surround the Central Nervous System. This pathology, which has several etiological agents, is presented as a syndrome with a severe clinical scenario. The main bacteria causing meningitis include Neisseria meningitis and Streptococcus pneumoniae. It can be transmitted by droplets through the airways, with the bacteria using the bloodstream as the main route to reach the blood-brain barrier, and from there to the meninges. There are currently several accurate diagnostic methods, with CSF culture being the gold standard. In addition, the improvement in the quality of beta-lactam treatment and the greater possibility of prevention due to the increased number and effectiveness of vaccines have contributed to reducing the number of cases and severity of the disease. Nevertheless, despite these advances, this syndrome still presents a high number of mortalities and sequelae.
Subject(s)
Pregnancy , Child, Preschool , Child , Aged , Cerebrospinal Fluid , Meningitis, Bacterial/diagnosis , Meningitis, Bacterial/therapy , Streptococcus pneumoniae/pathogenicity , Syndrome , Bacteria/classification , Meningitis, Bacterial/drug therapy , beta-Lactams/therapeutic use , Gram-Negative Bacteria , Gram-Positive Bacteria , Meningitis, Pneumococcal/drug therapy , Neisseria/pathogenicityABSTRACT
One hundred forty cases of chronic blepharitis were studied, as well as 25 normal controls. They were all evaluated ophthalmologically, microbiologically and dermatologically. It was found that blepharitis can be classified, depending on the cause, into five main groups: seborrheic, ifective, mixed seborrheic-infective, meibomian and unclassified group, A significant role was found for external irritants, prolonged exposure to strong sun, unhygienic surroundings, insufficient sleep and ocular cosmetic. It was also found that bacteria and fungi have no primary role in the pathogenesis of chronic blepharitis
Subject(s)
Humans , Staphylococcus aureus/pathogenicity , Neisseria/pathogenicity , Klebsiella/pathogenicityABSTRACT
Säo relatados casos de ceratoconjuntivite provocados por Neisseria ovis em rebanho ovino das raças Merino, Ile de France, Ideal, Corriedale e Romny March. Os autores, após identificarem os microrganismo, selecionaram amostras que foram utilizadas para o preparo de vacina. Levando em consideraçäo as provas de patogenicidade experimental, variaçöes biológicas do parasito e fatores que predispöem o globo ocular à infecçäo, concluíram que o microrganismo apresenta capacidade para se instalar e proliferar em terreno previamente sensibilizado, desencadeando o processo oftálmico